The motorcycle is the most common form of self-propelled transport for people. It was invented in the 19th century to fulfil the dream of people wanting to self-propellel themselves, overcoming the limitations of horse and carriage.
A modern motorcycle has a petrol engine that converts the reciprocating motion of pistons into rotary motion to turn the back wheel and propel the bike forward. The front wheel steers and the rider controls the bike using two hand levers to operate the clutch and brakes. Almost all modern motorcycles have disc brakes.
Most bikes are made from steel, aluminium and other lightweight metals, with some high-end models featuring carbon fibre or composite parts. Graphite and magnesium are used as well to reduce weight. The wheels are often aluminium, rims with spokes, although some alloy or cast wheels are also used. The gyroscopic effect of the wheels when they are turning improves stability and allows the rider to lean the bike to lower its centre of gravity in a bend, which helps with cornering ability and controllability.
Despite the safety systems built into many of today’s motorcycles – the always-on headlight, antilock braking, etc – the best safety system is the rider’s brain, especially with training and practice. However, it is important to carry out basic maintenance checks – like checking the horn and mirrors and giving the throttle and clutch a test while the bike is parked – to ensure they are functioning properly before riding on public roads.